PIC北美运输部门每年协调大约2100家种猪场的运输工作。在过去的27年中,只有两次是因为运输引起的发病。这向客户猪场保证了运输的生物安全,且良好的记录持续不变。这个运输生物安全计划包含四个组成部分:
PIC North American transport coordinates approximately 2,100 breeding stock shipments per year. In the last 27 years, only two disease breaks were attributed to transportation. This establishes a consistent record of biosecure transport to customer herds. This program consists of four components:
1. 风险评估Risk assessments:
a) 运输消毒设施评估工作是对所有与PIC相关的卡车清洗和消毒点做出稽核。该稽核工作会评估设施条件、非PIC清洗和消毒的车辆数量、人员生物安全培训和清洗流程(水温、压力、消毒剂类型、清洗剂的使用和干燥)。
Transportation decontamination facility assessment is used to audit all PIC associated truck wash and drying locations. This audit evaluates facility conditions, number of non-PIC washes, personnel biosecurity training, and wash procedures (water temperature, pressure, disinfectant class, detergent use, and drying).
b) 运输评估列示出每个清洗和消毒中心的运输事件及相关生物安全。它按照类别(拖车、车头、司机)评估每月运输事件的频率和细节。
Transportation assessment maps transportation events and associated biosecurity by site. It evaluates the frequency and details of transport events per month, by category of movement, for the trailer, tractor and driver.
2. 车辆分开及隔离时间:有文献记载了猪流行性腹泻病毒及最近的塞内卡病毒A型,它们会造成拍卖点和屠宰场的严重污染,这是由以上地点的功能本身决定的。车头、拖车和驾驶员在售猪点和屠宰场受到污染的可能性在上升,因此,他们在商品场和种猪场的运输之间不能存在交叉,要分开来。如果少数情况下不能分开时,则在清洗和消毒后隔离时间要延长到72小时。猪只从一辆卡车转移到另外一辆,拉猪车车头卸掉拖车后,连接另一辆拖车,这都是可以分开车辆的方式。
Fleet segregation and downtime: it has been documented for PEDV and more recently suggested for SVA that sale barns and slaughter plants are highly contaminated locations because the nature of their function. Due to the increased likelihood for contamination at collection points and slaughter facilities, tractors, trailers, and drivers are segregated between market and breeding stock movements. In the infrequent event where segregation is not feasible, an extended downtime of 72 hours is required after decontamination. Pig transfer and “drop and hook” procedures are used to facilitate segregation.
3. 清洗和消毒流程(清洗-消毒-干燥-检查):每一个与PIC扩繁场或公猪站(GTC)接触的车辆,无论是内部还是外部农场运输,都必须在PIC认可的、遵从PIC生物安全方案的清洗和消毒中心进行清洗和消毒和干燥。清洗和消毒车辆也受到第三方检查。每次检查都是在移动设备上填写稽核内容,稽核完成后上传到一个健康数据库系统中。如果车辆未通过检查,则检查员可以提供问题区域的照片和书面评论。以上信息可用于培训员工,注意清洗中经常会错过的地方。除第三方检查外,驾驶员、农场员工和其他PIC人员都可以拒绝不符合我们清洗和消毒标准的车辆。
Decontamination process (Wash-Disinfect-Dry-Inspect): every trailer coming in contact with a PIC multiplier, for both internal and external movements, or gene transfer center (GTC) must be washed, disinfected and dried at a PIC approved facility that incorporates PIC biosecurity protocols. Third party inspections are also conducted on trailers. For each inspection, a mobile-based audit is completed and upload-ed into a health database system. If a trailer fails inspection, the inspector has the ability to provide a photo and written comments on the failed area(s). This information can be used to train employees on locations commonly missed during washing. In addition to third party inspections, drivers, farm employees, and other PIC personnel have the ability to reject a trailer not meeting our decontamination standards.
4. 装卸猪只的流程:驾驶员穿上塑料鞋套后方能下车,然后穿上防护服、干净的橡胶鞋或塑料鞋套,再进入装卸区域。“有序”的装车过程分阶段进行,分成三个界限清晰的区域,仅允许猪只单向流动。一名农场人员在被定义为清洁区的圈舍中赶猪,该区域末端是连接着转猪通道的围栏。农场的另一名员工在赶猪通道上工作,赶猪通道称为“过渡区”,末端连接着运输卡车。拉猪车称为“脏区”,任何农场人员不得进入。在过渡区(转猪通道)上工作的农场员工身着过渡区靴子和衣服,装完猪后需清洗和消毒转猪通道,脱掉衣服并洗完澡后才能返回农场。具体装猪流程请参见《猪译馆》文章《分段装车-防止污染物从拉猪车转移至猪舍》。
Loading and unloading process: drivers wear plastic shoe covers before stepping down from the cab and put on coveralls and clean rubber overshoes or plastic booties as they step into the cargo area. The “sequencing” loading process occurs in phases between three clearly demarcated areas. Only unidirectional pig transit is allowed. One operator will be working in the barn designated as the clean area which ends on a fence leading to the loading chute. A second farm employee will move the pigs through the chute which is designated as the transition area ending on the trailer. The trailer is designated as dirty no farm personnel can step onto it. The operator working on the transition area (chute) wears transition boots-clothing and after loading needs to wash-disinfect the chute, remove clothing and shower-in before returning to the farm.
风险评估、车辆分开、附加的消毒步骤、第三方检查以及对驾驶员、清洗和消毒中心人员和农场人员的培训及再培训,这些增加了运输过程的成本;但是,如果不做这些工作,疾病在扩繁场和客户场就有潜在爆发的可能性,从这个角度讲,以上投资是值得的。
The risk assessments, the segregation of the fleet, the additional decontamination steps, the third party inspections and training-retraining of drivers, truck wash crews and farm personnel add significant cost to the transportation process; however, the potential impact of disease outbreak in multiplication or customer herds justify this investment.